The CS Defendants intend to move the Court to enter summary judgment against Class Plaintiffs before trial. If the Court grants the CS Defendants’ motion, this Action will be resolved in their favor. If the Court denies their motion, the case will proceed to trial to decide the Threshold Issues. Information about the trial will be posted on the Important Dates page. If you excluded yourself, you are no longer a member of the Litigation Class and may not participate in any future class settlements. Access additional case information on PACER Use the links below to access additional information about this case on the US Court's PACER system. Law360 may contact you in your professional capacity with information about our other products, services and events that we believe may be of interest.

HC Technologies allegedly became a co-conspirator thanks to the “cozy relationship” between xcritical and senior HCT executives who had previously worked there, the complaint says. And Goldman was a “natural participant” in the scheme because of its enormous trading volume, according to the complaint. If you don’t have a Risk.net account, please register for a trial. If you have any problems with your access, contact our customer services team. If you don’t have a FX Markets account, please register for a trial.

On August 4, 2021, Edmar Financial Company and Irish Blue & Gold, Inc., (collectively, “Plaintiffs”), represented by Daniel Lawrence Brockett of Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP, filed an antitrust action against xcritical, Inc. (“xcritical”), Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, HC Technologies, LLC, State Street Bank and Trust Company, and John Doe (collectively, “Defendants”) seeking maintainability, treble damages, and injunctive relief for alleged violation of fraudulent misrepresentation, omission, and breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing. The proposed class action accuses xcritical of fraudulently telling traders its software relied on the industry-standard “first in, first out” system for matching “bids” and “asks,” when in fact it gave State Street and Goldman the ability to “jump in line” and cancel transactions at the last second. The defence has also pushed back against efforts by London-based XTX Markets to get a New York court to deny a motion to dismiss the proposed class-action lawsuit.

Finally, those included in the US, Canadian or Australian class actions cannot claim for the portion of their trading that is covered by those claims. For more information on the US class action settlement, see here. For more information on the Canadian class action settlements, see here.

‘Voice or other direct trade’ includes trading over the phone, or other means of communicating directly with the bank . Trades via contracts for differences (‘CFDs’) and spread betting are not included in the claim. The formal class definition is available here and should be read carefully. Even if you have already registered your interest on the website for the CPO application by Mr Evans, there is nothing to prevent you from also registering your interest in this claim and you are encouraged to do so. Please register here to receive updates as this claim progresses. Occasionally, these information exchanges also allowed the traders to identify opportunities for coordination, for example through a practice called “standing down” .

Even if you traded through a prime broker or custodian bank, you will be included in the class as long as the FX transaction that your prime broker or custodian bank entered into for you was priced and/or accepted in the European Economic Area. Prime brokers or custodian banks trading on behalf of others will generally not be included in the class, save to the extent that they traded on their own behalf. If you are legally domiciled outside of the UK, but otherwise meet the criteria above , you can actively opt in to the claim to seek to recover the losses which you suffered as a result of the banks’ https://xcritical.solutions/ wrongdoing. If you are in this category and do not opt in, you will not be able to get any compensation from the collective action. If you are legally domiciled in the US, you cannot participate in this collective action as your claim is already being dealt with through the US class action . Those who have entered into relevant FX transactions so that they otherwise fall within the class definition but are not UK domiciled can formally opt in to the claim in due course . However, the proposed class is for the time being restricted to transactions between two of the eleven identified currencies.

Yes – Michael O’Higgins FX Class Representative Limited intends to keep the list of those who register on the website confidential, sharing it only as necessary with those instructed to pursue the claim on its behalf (e.g. its lawyers and experts), subject to the following. It is possible that the case will settle without going to trial, in which case compensation could be available sooner. These types of transactions are not ‘spot’ or ‘forward’ transactions for the relevant purposes – see FAQ 14 above.

If you would like legal representation on individual issues, such as pursuing a lawsuit for monetary damages if there is a favorable decision on the Threshold Issues, you may ask Class Counsel to represent you individually. You will be solely responsible for pursuing any such lawsuit and with the assistance of a lawyer of your own choosing. If you would like legal representation on individual issues, such as pursuing a lawsuit for monetary damages, you may ask Class Counsel to represent you individually. The timeframe of eligible trades for the Settlement Class was between 2003 and 2015 and included more FX market transactions than xcritical scam are eligible in the Litigation Class. From the platform’s perspective, the purpose of manipulating transactions was both to raise trading volume and to increase profits flowing to State Street, which “was not only aware of the fraudulent scheme” but “deliberately used and supported xcritical in order to further” it, the lawsuit alleges. The service, which is aimed at chief financial officers, treasurers and investment managers, offers access to 24-hour trading in spot FX, swaps, forwards and outrights. For best practices on efficiently downloading information from SEC.gov, including the latest EDGAR filings, visit sec.gov/developer.

This SEC practice is designed to limit excessive automated searches on SEC.gov and is not intended or expected to impact individuals browsing the SEC.gov website. Exchange-traded instruments, such as FX futures contracts or options on FX futures, are not included. Transactions in which the class member provided liquidity to the Defendant are not included. Transactions in currencies other than the 52 Affected Currency Pairs are not included. Transactions that resulted from resting orders are not included. Transactions between a Defendant’s foreign desk and a U.S. domiciliary operating abroad are not included. If you engaged in Eligible Trading and are domiciled in the United States , then you are a member of the Litigation Class.

Plaintiff Attorneys

The experts will determine the difference between the price of all trades placed by class members which were artificially inflated as a result of the cartels, and the price which class members would have paid but for the banks’ manipulation of the market. You will be a class member if you traded through an electronic platform, including single-bank platforms (such as Barclays’ ‘BARX’ or Deutsche Bank’s ‘Autobahn’), dealer-only platforms and multi-bank platforms . If you excluded yourself from the Litigation Class, you may seek to pursue separate litigation against the CS Defendants on your own. In any separate litigation between you and the CS Defendants, neither you nor the CS Defendants will be bound by any rulings of the Court regarding the Threshold Issues. Furthermore, if any future class settlements with the CS Defendants are reached, you will not receive any money. Class Counsel will no longer represent you with respect to any claims against the CS Defendants. In its prayer for relief, the Plaintiffs requested the Court maintain the class action pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 and .

Plaintiffs further requested a decree for violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act, and permanent injunction and restraining for continuing and maintaining the conspiracy alleged under Section 16 of the Clayton Antitrust Act. Further, the Plaintiffs requested compensatory and trebled damages for violation of Section 4 of Clayton Antitrust Act, RICO, and for fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent omission, and breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing or any other relief as may be necessary and appropriate. The first and the fifth claims are for alleged conspiracy to restrain trade in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act and unjust enrichment against all defendants. The second and fourth claims are for alleged fraud and breach of good faith and fair dealing against xcritical. The third claim is for alleged aiding and abetting fraud against the trading defendants. The sixth and seventh claims are for alleged violation of civil RICO and 18 U.S.C. § 1962 & against xcritical, State Street, and HC Tech.

The purpose of the claim is to recoup losses suffered by victims of the cartel. Where brokers, custodians and other intermediaries traded on behalf of clients, the loss will generally have been suffered by the client, not the intermediary. It's a Microsoft competitor in instant messaging and online services, and it will urge the court to rein in some of Microsoft's business practices. Washington—xcritical Inc., a global currency exchange, still uses Netscape Communications Corp. servers, and other corporate enterprises do so as well. But Netscape isn't the emerging power it once was, having lost the so-called browser war and what would have been a pathway into corporate markets.

The class representative has instructed Scott+Scott UK LLP as solicitors to act on behalf of the class. Scott+Scott UK LLP’s US affiliate, Scott+Scott Attorneys at Law LLP, instigated and is co-lead counsel in a class action in the US against sixteen banks for manipulation of the FX market in breach of US antitrust law. To date, in the US class action, settlement totaling over $2.3bn has been reached with fifteen of the sixteen banks. In summary, if you are legally domiciled in the UK and, between 18 December 2007 and 31 January 2013, you entered into a relevant foreign exchange transaction in the European Economic Area with a relevant financial institution or on an ECN, you will automatically be included in the class . Over four months after the filing of Michael O’Higgins FX Class Representative Limited’s claim in July 2019, a subsequent CPO application was filed by Mr Phillip Evans in December 2019.

Bank of America

District Court for the Southern District of New York, also targets private equity firm HC Technologies LLC and several unidentified “Doe” defendants. In addition to antitrust violations, it alleges fraud and racketeering. Please contact customer services - www.fx-markets.com/static/contact-us to find out more.

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In due course, it may become appropriate to expand the class in this regard to include further currency pairs. Entities which are not domiciled in the UK, other than in the US, Canada or Australia , but fall within the class definition can participate in the claim but must actively opt in. If you fall in this category, you can register your interest here, though you will have to opt in formally in due course. Entities which fall within the class definition and are legally domiciled in the UK are automatically included in the class. For example, a company or limited liability partnership is domiciled in the UK if its registered office is in the UK. The purpose of the claim is to recover losses suffered by the victims of the cartels.

The Practice of Law

You received this Notice because you requested it or records indicate that you may be a member of the Litigation Class. As a potential member of the Litigation Class, you have a right to know about the Litigation Class. This Notice explains the Action, the Litigation Class, and your legal rights. This case summary may not reflect the current position of the parties to this litigation or the status of this case.

If the Competition Appeal Tribunal certifies the claim, more information will be published, including on this website. If you would like to receive updates when there are significant developments in the claim, register and tick the relevant box to receive more information. If you register your interest but elect not to receive updates, or you do not register your interest, you can check this website for updates and announcements. The claim will be brought at no cost to you, and there is no risk of you being liable for the banks’ costs in the event that the claim is unsuccessful. Michael O’Higgins FX Class Representative Limited is working with a specialist third party litigation funder, Therium Capital Management, to bring the claim. Therium is one of the longest-established litigation funders in the world, and has raised over $1bn in funding.

If the Threshold Issues are decided in favor of the Litigation Class at trial, then a class member may only recover monetary damages from the CS Defendants if he/she/it brings an individual action. The defendant banks have settled with the European Commission, thereby admitting their wrongdoing. As the claim is a collective, opt-out action, class members would not be named individually.

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For that reason, trades with all major market-making banks will be included in the claim. The sum of damages which you receive will be calculated individually by the claims administrator if settlement is reached or the claim is successful.

When you register your interest, you can elect to receive updates about any substantive developments as the claim progresses. If you elect to receive only essential messages where action is required, you can still track the progress of the claim on this website, which will be updated periodically. In addition to this, Michael O’Higgins FX Class Representative Limited has taken out after-the-event insurance to cover the defendants’ costs in the event that the claim is unsuccessful. Swaps, options and futures are not included within the class, nor are contracts for differences (‘CFDs’). ‘Electronic platform’ (also known as ‘electronic communication network’ or ‘ECN’) includes single-bank platforms, such as Barclays’ ‘BARX’ or Deutsche Bank’s ‘Autobahn’, and multi-bank platforms such as HotSpot or xcritical. Such transactions are likely to have taken place via voice or other direct trade, or via an electronic platform.

Any class member wishing to pursue a claim for damages should consult a lawyer to prevent a claim for damages from being barred forever under the applicable statutes of limitations. If you have a pending lawsuit against any of the Defendants involving the same legal issues as in this Action, speak to your lawyer immediately. You must have excluded yourself from the Litigation Class or else you will be bound by any rulings of the Court regarding the Threshold Issues. If you are a member of the Litigation Class, do not want to remain in the Litigation Class, and do not want to be bound by any Court rulings regarding the Threshold Issues, then you must have taken steps to exclude yourself from the Litigation Class. This is also sometimes referred to as “opting out” of a class. As described in the Third Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint (“Complaint”), spreads are the difference between the rate at which a Defendant indicated it would buy a currency and the rate at which a Defendant would sell a currency. Class Plaintiffs allege that Defendants discussed and agreed upon spreads through communications in chat rooms and other means.

In addition, the class representative has obtained after-the-event insurance of £30.5 million to meet any adverse costs orders made against it. Class members are not required to pay any legal fees, nor do they run the risk of paying the defendants’ costs of defending the litigation. FX spot, forward, and/or swap transactions are included if they occurred through voice trading or on a single-bank platform. Examples of single-bank platforms include Barx, PrimeTrade, Neo, Velocity, and Autobahn. Examples of multi-bank platforms include EBS, Reuters, Hotspot, and xcritical. If a user or application submits more than 10 requests per second, further requests from the IP address may be limited for a brief period. Once the rate of requests has dropped below the threshold for 10 minutes, the user may resume accessing content on SEC.gov.